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A KEY TO CULTIVATED PINES --
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| Views: 793 |
Updated: Thu 07/02/2009 @ 12:27
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SUMMARY
This is an interactive, web-based identification key to 90 species of cultivated pines with over 300 photographs of foliage (needles), buds, cones and other features. It uses Lucid software and offers 43 features including characteristics of foliage, cones, branchlets, buds, seeds, bark and habit.
INTRODUCTION
There are about 110 species in the genus Pinus, family Pinaceae, and they naturally occur almost entirely only in the northern hemisphere, particularly North America and Asia. Some species are commonly grown for timber production in commercial plantations, both within their natural range and in other countries such as New Zealand, Australia, and Chile. Pines are also grown in parks and gardens for amenity and other purposes, including shelter. This identification key covers all the species commonly cultivated in temperate climates. The information in this key is from specimens of pines growing in New Zealand parks, gardens, arboreta and forest research trials together with herbarium specimens and listed references. Further species will be added if we can obtain adequate information on the characters used.
SUGGESTED CITATION:
C.E. Ecroyd 2009: A key to cultivated pines. http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/pines/Key%20to%20cultivated%20pines.html
CORRECTIONS AND OMISSIONS
This is a draft key with many of the features not fully tested. If you find any errors or omissions, or can suggest any improvements please communicate these to: chris.ecroyd@scionresearch.com
All photographs are copyright to New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited.
REFERENCES & FURTHER INFORMATION
- Farjon, A. (1984). Pines: Drawings & descriptions of the genus Pinus. J. Brill, Netherlands, 220 p.
- Farjon, A. (2001). World checklist & bibliography of conifers. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 309 p.
- Farjon, A., & Styles, B.T. (1997). Pinus (Pinaceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 75. New York Botanical Garden 291 p.
- Kral, R., (1993). Chapter 6. Pinus. In Flora of North America, v. 2. Oxford University Press. 475 p.
- Lanyon, J. (1966). A card key to Pinus based on needle anatomy. Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Australia.
- Richardson, D.M. (1998). Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, 527 p.
- Rushforth, K. (1987). Conifers. Facts On File Publications, New York, 232 p.
- www.conifers.org
- www.eFloras.org
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| Author(s): Chris Ecroyd |
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